Chapter 3. Spectroscopic Methods
Synopsis
Author
Mrs. Swarupa Ameya Salvi
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Sathaye College, Vile-Parle East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques provide essential tools for pharmaceutical analysis through interactions between electromagnetic radiation and molecules. UV-Visible spectroscopy enables quantitative assays, dissolution testing, and impurity analysis with derivative approaches solving peak overlap challenges. IR and FTIR spectroscopy identify molecular structures, characterize polymorphs, and verify raw materials with applications in counterfeit detection. NMR spectroscopy reveals structural details, enables quantitative analysis without reference standards, and monitors reactions with applications in impurity identification and structural confirmation. Mass spectrometry couples ionization techniques with mass analyzers for impurity profiling, metabolite identification, and protein characterization with unparalleled sensitivity and specificity. Atomic absorption spectroscopy quantifies trace metals in drug substances and excipients for contamination monitoring and quality control. Method development for each technique requires understanding fundamental principles, instrument capabilities, and pharmaceutical application requirements.
Keywords: UV-Visible analysis, FTIR drug characterization, pharmaceutical NMR, Mass spectrometry applications, Trace metals
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