Chapter 15: Nasal and Ear Preparations
Synopsis
Author
Dr. Rakshana V
Assistant Professor, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract: Nasal and ear preparations are specialized dosage forms designed for local or systemic drug delivery through the nasal cavity and ear canal. This section explores the anatomy and physiology of the nasal and auditory systems, highlighting their unique features for drug administration. Various types of nasal formulations, including solutions, suspensions, and gels, are discussed along with their applications in local treatment and systemic drug delivery. The formulation considerations for nasal preparations, such as tonicity, pH, and viscosity, are examined to ensure efficacy and patient comfort. Ear preparations, including drops, ointments, and suspensions, are explored with emphasis on their specific requirements for safety and efficacy. The challenges in developing nasal and ear formulations, such as limited residence time and potential for irritation, are addressed along with strategies to overcome them. Advanced delivery systems, including nasal sprays and metered-dose inhalers for nasal administration, are discussed. Quality control measures specific to nasal and ear preparations, including sterility testing, particle size analysis, and spray pattern evaluation, are detailed.
Keywords: Mucosal delivery, Absorption enhancers, Otic formulations, Spray systems, Local therapy, Bioavailability
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